分詞的時態

　　1）與主語動詞同時

　　Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.

　　聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。

　　Arriving there, they found the boy dead.

　　剛一到那兒，他們就發現那男孩死了。

　　典型例題

　　The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.

　　A. to prepare　 B. preparing　 C. prepared　 D. was preparing

　　答案B. 此處沒有連詞，不能選D，否則出現了兩個謂語動詞worked和was preparing。只能在B，C中選一個。又因前后兩個動作同時發生，且與主語為主動關系，應用現在分詞。

　　2）先于主動詞

　　While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg.

　　在花園里散步時他傷了腿。

　　分詞作時間狀語，如果先與主動詞的動作，且強調先后， 要用having done。

　　Having finished his homework, he went out.=As he had finished his homework, he went out.

　　做完作業后，他出去了。

　　典型例題

　　___ a reply, he decided to write again.

　　A. Not receiving　　B. Receiving not　 C. Not having received　 D. Having not received

　　答案C. 本題考查分詞的時態與分詞的否定式。根據題意判斷，分詞的動作（接信）發生在謂語動詞的動作（決心再寫信）之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.

　　分詞的語態

　　1）通常，現在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動，例如：

　　He is the man giving you the money.　(= who gave you…)　他就是給你錢的那個人。

　　He is the man stopped by the car.　　( = who was stopped by…)

　　他就是那個被車攔住的人。

　　2）不及物動詞的過去分詞表示動作已經發生

　　gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned

　　例: a well-read person.　　一個讀過許多書的人

　　a much-travelled may　一個去過許多地方的人

　　a burnt-out match　　 燒完了的火柴

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