獨立主格結構的構成：名詞（代詞）+現在分詞、過去分詞；

　　名詞（代詞）+形容詞；

　　名詞（代詞）+副詞；

　　名詞（代詞）+不定式；

　　名詞（代詞） +介詞短語構成。

　　獨立主格結構的特點：1）獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。

　　2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞等是主謂關系。

　　3）獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。

　　例如：

　　The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考試結束了，我們開始放假。

　　The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 總統被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

　　Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.　天氣允許，我們明天去看你。

　　This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我們才回家。

　　The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.　 會議結束后，每個人都想早點回家。

　　He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵凍得紅通通的。

　　He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館

　　10.2 with的復合結構作獨立主格

　　表示伴隨情況時，既可用分詞的獨立結構，也可用with的復合結構：with +名詞（代詞）+現在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語。例如：

　　He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise.他舉手著站在那兒。

　　典型例題

　　The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。

　　A. being tied　 B. having tied　　C. to be tied　　D. tied

　　答案D. with +名詞（代詞）+分詞+介詞短語結構。當分詞表示伴隨狀況時，其主語常常用with來引導。由于本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動關系，因此用過去分詞，選D.