課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1．He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. （他）正在為一家大公司工作，并且已經去過澳大利亞的不少地方了。

（1） work for指“在……上班／任職”：

表達“上班”這個意思時還可以說work at：

She works at a department store.

她在一家百貨商店上班。

（2）a number of只能接可數名詞的復數形式。通常，number前有great, large, good, small, certain等形容詞，數量大小也隨之改變：

A large/ great number of our students are Danish.

我們的學生中有許多是丹麥人。

There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework.

你的家庭作業里有少數幾個拼寫錯誤。

2．He will soon visit Darwin. 他不久還將到達爾文去。

will 表示將來要發生的事。這句話的時態是一般將來時。（cf. 第12課語法）下一句話From there, he will fly to Perth也是一般將來時。

3．My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. 我弟弟以前從未出過國，因此，他覺得這次旅行非常激動人心。

（1）這句話由兩個簡單句組成，后一句由連詞so引導，為表示結果的狀語從句。

（2）find作“發現”、“發覺”講時賓語往往帶補足語（一般為形容詞），說明賓語的狀況、性質等：

I find the film very interesting.

我覺得這電影很有趣。

She found Ton's room very dirty.

她發現湯姆的房間非常臟。

She has already found herself wrong.

她已經發現自己錯了。

需要注重的是，find一詞很少用于進行時態，一般用于過去時、完成時及一般現在時等。

語法 Grammar in use

1．現在完成時與現在進行時

現在完成時的時間概念有時是不確定的。（cf. 第1冊第83～88課）我們所關心的是現存的結果，或者過去發生的事對現在的影響。現在完成時不能和明確表示過去的副詞（如ago, yesterday等）連用。經常和現在完成時連用的副詞和副詞短語有：before（now）（〈在此〉以前）；so far（到目前為止）；up to now （直到現在）；just（剛剛）；already（已經）；lately（最近）；now（現在）；疑問句和否定句中常用ever, yet, never, not… ever等。現在進行時經常用于表示在短期內正在進行的動作或存在的情況，因此往往不需要和時間狀語連用。試比較：

2．同位語 (Appositives)

一個名詞（或短語等）與另一個名詞（或短語）并列而作為其說明或限定成分時稱為同位語。同位語與它所補充說明的成分之間用逗號隔開。課文中有兩句話含有同位語：

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.

我剛剛收到弟弟蒂姆的來信。（Tim是my brother的同位語。它們指的是同一個人。Tim用來補充說明my brother的名字）

He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.

他剛買了一輛澳大利亞小汽車，現在去了澳大利亞中部的小鎮艾利斯斯普林斯。（在這句話中 a small town in the centre of Australia是Alice Springs的同位語，補充說明這是個多大的鎮子，在什么地方）

在譯成漢語時，同位語或者插入主句中，或者另譯為一句，很少像英語中那樣用逗號隔開。請參閱課文中兩個句子的譯文。同位語假如太長，可以另譯為一句。如課文中第二個例句的后半部分可以譯為：“現在去了艾利斯斯普林斯。這是澳大利亞中部的一個小鎮。”

同位語的其他例子如：

This is John, one of my best friends.

這位是約翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。

Mrs. Smith, my neighbour, has never been abroad.

我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來沒有出過國。

詞匯學習 Word study

1．receive vt.

（1）接到，收到，得到：

When did you receive that letter?

你什么時候收到那封信的？

Susan received a gift/card this morning.

今天上午蘇珊收到了一份禮物／一張卡。

receive是“收到”，指的是一個被動的動作，主觀上接受與不接受并不清楚。take則是主動地“拿”、“取”：

He told me to take the keys from his pocket.

他讓我從他口袋里把鑰匙拿出來。

I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday.

我叔叔給了我一枝漂亮的鋼筆。昨天我弟弟把筆拿走了。

（2）招待，接待：

You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.

假如你要接待這么多客人，你就需要一個大房間。

We usually receive guests on Saturday.

我們通常星期六招待賓客。

2．different adj. (名詞為difference)

（1）不同的，相異的（經常與from連用）：

Desks are different from tables.

書桌與桌子不一樣。

My room is different form yours.

我的房間與你的不同。

We are planning something different this year.

我們今年有不同的打算。

（2）各種各樣的，不同的：

He has visited many different places in China.

他去過中國的不少地方。

This department store sells a large number of different things.

這家百貨商店新概念許多各種各樣的東西。

練習答案 Key to written exercises

1．要害句型練習答案

A 1 I have just had breakfast.

2 He has been in prison for six months.

3 The police have not caught the thief yet.

4 You have (already) asked that question three times (already).

5 Have you ever been to Switzerland?

6 I have never been to Switzerland.

7 He is a wonderful runner. He has broken two records so far .

8 I haven't seen George lately .

C 1 He has just left the house .

2 He has just had breakfast .

3 She has just written a letter .

4 My sister has just turned on the radio .

5 My mother has just made the bed .

6 She has just bought a new hat.

D 1 He hasn't washed the dishes yet .

2 She hasn't made the beds yet .

3 He hasn't combed his hair yet .

4 She hasn't swept the carpet yet .

5 We haven't read ‘ Macbeth’yet .

E 1 Have you seen the new play at ‘The Globe’yet ?

2 Have you taken your holidays yet ?

3 Have you read this book yet ?

4 Have you done your homework yet ?

5 Have you finished your work yet ?

2 ．難點練習答案

1 received 2 received 3 took 4 taken 5 take

3．
多項選擇題答案

1d 2b 3a 4b 5b 6a

7c 8b 9c 10a 11c 12c